Potassium and magnesium dietary supplements: benefits and contraindications

Potassium and magnesium dietary supplements: benefits and contraindications

Edema: Causes and development mechanisms

Edema, or excessive accumulation of fluid in the intercellular space, is a common condition that can be caused by many factors. Understanding the mechanisms underlying edema is extremely important for choosing the optimal treatment strategy, including the use of potassium and magnesium -based dietary supplements.

Edema occurs when the balance between the forces holding the fluid inside the blood vessels (oncotic and hydrostatic pressure) is disturbed, and the forces that contribute to the exit of the fluid into the tissue (capillary permeability, lymphatic drainage). Key factors contributing to the development of edema include:

• Increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries: This can be caused by heart failure (the weakening of the pumping function of the heart leads to the accumulation of blood in veins and capillaries), venous deficiency (damage to the veins, which impedes the outflow of blood from the lower extremities), pregnancy (increased blood volume and uterine pressure on the lower half of Vienna), prolonged stay in the vertical position.
• Reducing oncotic plasma pressure: Oncotic pressure is determined by the concentration of proteins in the blood plasma, mainly albumin. A decrease in the level of albumin can be caused by kidney diseases (loss of protein in urine), liver (impaired albumin synthesis), insufficient nutrition or malabsorption.
• Increased capillary permeability: Inflammation, allergic reactions, injuries, infections and some drugs can increase the permeability of the walls of capillaries, allowing a larger amount of fluid and proteins to penetrate the tissue. Histamine, bradykinin and other inflammation mediators play a key role in this process.
• Violation of lymphatic drainage: The lymphatic system is responsible for removing excess fluid and proteins from tissues. Violation of lymphatic drainage (lymphedem) can be caused by the removal of lymph nodes (for example, after surgery for cancer), infections, injuries or congenital anomalies.
• Sodium and water delay with kidneys: The kidneys regulate the balance of fluid and electrolytes in the body. Some kidney diseases, hormonal disorders (for example, hyperaldosteronism) and drugs can lead to sodium and water delay, which contributes to the development of edema.
• Idiopathic edema: In some cases, the cause of edema cannot be established. Idiopathic edema is more common in women and can be associated with the menstrual cycle or taking hormonal drugs.

The role of potassium and magnesium in the regulation of the water-electrolyte balance

Potassium and magnesium are two important minerals that play a significant role in maintaining the water-electrolyte balance and the normal function of cells. The imbalance of these electrolytes can contribute to the development of edema and other disorders.

• Kaliy (k+): Potassium is the main intracellular cation (positively charged ion). It plays a key role in maintaining osmotic pressure inside the cells, regulating the water balance, transmitting nerve impulses, muscle contraction (including the heart muscle) and maintaining normal blood pressure. The deficiency of potassium (hypokalemia) can lead to a delay in sodium and water by the kidneys, which contributes to the development of edema. In addition, hypokalemia can cause muscle weakness, heart rhythm and increase in blood pressure, which, in turn, can aggravate swelling. Potassium helps neutralize the effects of sodium, which contributes to the retention of fluid in the body. With a sufficient level of potassium, the kidneys more effectively remove sodium, thereby reducing the risk of edema.
• Magnus (MG2 +): Magnesium is the second most previous intracellular cation. It participates in more than 300 enzymatic reactions in the body, including energy metabolism, protein synthesis, regulation of blood pressure, maintaining the normal function of the nervous system and muscles, and the regulation of blood glucose. Magnesium deficiency (hypomagnesia) can help increase blood pressure, impaired renal function and fluid retention. Magnesium helps to relax blood vessels, improving blood circulation and reducing hydrostatic pressure in capillaries. He also plays a role in the regulation of the permeability of capillaries, preventing excess fluid in the tissue. Magnesium is necessary for the normal operation of the potassium-soda pump, which supports the correct balance of electrolytes inside and out of the cells.

The relationship between potassium and magnesium deficiency and edema development

The deficiency of potassium and magnesium can have a synergistic effect on the development of edema. Hypokalemia and hypomagnesia are often found simultaneously, since magnesium is necessary for normal absorption and retention of potassium in cells.

• Kidney function: The deficiency of potassium and magnesium can disrupt the function of the kidneys, reducing their ability to remove sodium and water. This leads to an increase in the volume of circulating blood and an increase in hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries, contributing to the development of edema.
• Improving blood pressure: Hypokalemia and hypomagnesia can lead to an increase in blood pressure, which increases hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries and promotes the exit of the liquid in the tissue.
• Vascular function: Magnesium deficiency can cause a spasm of blood vessels and increase their permeability, which leads to the exit of the liquid in the tissue and the development of edema.
• Inflammation: Hypomagnia can help increase inflammatory processes in the body, which leads to an increase in capillary permeability and edema development.
• Violation of the function of the lymphatic system: In some studies, it was shown that magnesium deficiency can disrupt the function of the lymphatic system, reducing its ability to remove excess fluid and proteins from tissues.

Potential benefits of potassium and magnesium -based dietary

Bades containing potassium and magnesium can be useful for edema caused by a deficiency of these electrolytes or conditions associated with their increased loss.

• Filling out electrolyte deficiency: Bades can help replenish the deficiency of potassium and magnesium, restoring normal water-electrolyte balance and improving the function of the kidneys. This can lead to a decrease in sodium and water delay and a decrease in edema.
• Reduced blood pressure: Potassium and magnesium contribute to the relaxation of blood vessels and a decrease in blood pressure. This can reduce hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries and reduce the risk of edema.
• Improving the function of the kidneys: Potassium and magnesium are necessary for the normal function of the kidneys. Filling up the deficiency of these electrolytes can improve the function of the kidneys and their ability to remove sodium and water.
• Reducing inflammation: Magnesium has anti -inflammatory properties and can help reduce inflammation associated with edema.
• Improving vascular function: Magnesium helps to relax blood vessels and improve blood circulation, which can reduce the risk of edema.

It is important to emphasize that potassium and magnesium dietary supplements are not a replacement for the traditional treatment of edema. They can be useful as an addition to the main treatment prescribed by a doctor, especially with a confirmed deficit of these electrolytes.

Various forms of potassium and magnesium in dietary supplements and their digestibility

Potassium and magnesium are available in various forms as part of dietary supplements. Some forms are better absorbed by the body than others.

Potassium:

• Kaliy chloride (KCL): The most common and relatively inexpensive form of potassium. It is well absorbed, but can cause irritation of the gastrointestinal tract in some people.
• Citrate Calia (K3C6H5O7): It is better tolerated than potassium chloride, and can have an alkaline effect on the body.
• Potassium gluconate (C6H11ko7): Easily absorbed and well tolerated.
• Aspartate Kalia (C4h6kno4): It is well absorbed and can improve energy metabolism.

Magnesium:

• Magnesium oxide (MGO): It contains the largest amount of elementary magnesium, but has low bioavailability (poorly absorbed). It is often used in laxatives.
• Magnesium citrate (Mg3 (C6H5O7) 2): One of the most common and well -absorbed forms of magnesium. It has a mild laxative effect.
• Magnesium glycinate (Mg (C2H4NO2) 2): It is perfectly absorbed and well tolerated, practically does not cause side effects from the gastrointestinal tract. Recommended for people with a sensitive stomach.
• Taurat Magnesium (Mg (C2H6NO3S) 2): It is well absorbed and useful for the cardiovascular system.
• Magnesium lactate (Mg (C3H5O3) 2): Easily absorbed and well tolerated.
• Magnesium tronate (Mg (C4H7O5) 2): A new form of magnesium, which is believed to penetrates well through a hematoencephalic barrier and improves cognitive functions.
• Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4): Better known as English salt. It is used mainly as laxative and for external use (for example, for baths). It is not recommended for oral administration as an additive of magnesium.

When choosing a dietary supplement based on potassium and magnesium, attention should be paid to the shape of the mineral and individual tolerance. Citrate, glycinate, taurat and magnesium tronate are usually considered the most bio -access forms.

Dosage of potassium and magnesium in dietary supplements: recommendations and warnings

The dosage of potassium and magnesium in dietary supplements must comply with recommended daily standards and take into account individual needs and health status.

• Potassium: The recommended daily potassium consumption for adults is 3500-4700 mg. The dietary supplements usually contain from 99 to 200 mg of potassium per serving. Exceeding the recommended dose of potassium can be dangerous, especially for people with kidney diseases or taking certain drugs. Hyperkalemia (excess potassium in the blood) can cause heart rhythm and even death.
• Magnesium: The recommended daily magnesium consumption for adults is 310-420 mg. The dietary supplements usually contain from 50 to 400 mg of magnesium per portion. Exceeding the recommended dose of magnesium can cause diarrhea, nausea and abdominal pain. In rare cases, with very high doses, hypermagnium can develop, which can lead to muscle weakness, a decrease in blood pressure and heart rhythm disorders.

Before you start taking potassium and magnesium, you need to consult a doctor, especially if you have any diseases or take medications. The doctor will determine the optimal dosage and duration of dietary supplement, taking into account your individual needs and health status.

Contraindications to the use of potassium and magnesium -based dietary supplements

Despite potential benefits, potassium and magnesium dietary supplements have a number of contraindications.

Potassium:

• Hypercalemia: Excess potassium in the blood.
• Severe renal failure: The kidneys are not able to effectively remove potassium from the body, which can lead to hyperkalemia.
• Reception of potassium -saving diuretics (for example, spironolactone, epleinone, triameren, amyloride): These drugs reduce potassium removal by kidneys, which can increase the risk of hyperkalemia.
• Addison’s disease (insufficiency of the adrenal gland): It can lead to a violation of the regulation of electrolytes, including potassium.
• Some heart disease: In certain cases, potassium intake can be contraindicated in heart diseases.

Magnesium:

• Hypermagnia: Excess magnesium in the blood.
• Severe renal failure: The kidneys are not able to effectively remove magnesium from the body, which can lead to hypermagnia.
• Atrioventricular blockade: Violation of the conductivity of the heart impulse.
• Myasthenia Gravis: Autoimmune disease characterized by muscle weakness. Magnesium can enhance muscle weakness.
• Taking certain drugs (for example, calcium channels, antibiotics blockers): Magnesium can interact with these drugs.

Special groups of patients:

• Pregnant and lactating women: The intake of potassium and magnesium dietary supplements during pregnancy and breastfeeding should be agreed with the doctor.
• Children: Children should take dietary supplements based on potassium and magnesium only as prescribed by a doctor.
• Elderly people: Older people are more susceptible to side effects of dietary supplements and should take them with caution under the supervision of a doctor.

Side effects of potassium and magnesium -based dietary supplements

The intake of potassium and magnesium dietary supplements can cause various side effects, especially if the recommended dose is exceeded or in the presence of contraindications.

Potassium:

• Irritation of the gastrointestinal tract: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain.
• Hypercalemia: Muscle weakness, heart rhythm disturbances (bradycardia, arrhythmia), shortness of breath, confusion, paralysis, cardiac arrest.

Magnesium:

• Diarrhea: The most common side effect.
• Nausea, vomiting:
• Stomach ache:
• Hypermagnia: Muscle weakness, decreased blood pressure, slow -hearted rhythm, respiratory inhibition, coma.

The interaction of potassium and magnesium dietary supplements with drugs

Potassium and magnesium dietary supplements can interact with various drugs, changing their effectiveness or enhancing their side effects.

Potassium:

• Potassium -saving diuretics (spironolactone, eplerenon, triamtern, amylorid): Increase the risk of hyperkalemia.
• ACE inhibitors (enalapril, lysinopril, ramipril) and Angiotensin II receptor blockers (Lozartan, Valsartan, Candesartan): They can reduce potassium excretion by kidneys, increasing the risk of hyperkalemia.
• Nonsteroidal anti -inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (Ibuprofen, steady, diclofenac): They can reduce potassium excretion by kidneys, increasing the risk of hyperkalemia.
• Digoxin: Hypokalemia can increase the toxicity of digoxin.

Magnesium:

• Antibiotics (tetracycline, chinolons): Magnesium can reduce the absorption of these antibiotics. It is recommended to take antibiotics 2 hours before or 4-6 hours after taking magnesium.
• Bisphosphonates (Alendronate, Risedronate): Magnesium can reduce the absorption of bisphosphonates. It is recommended to take bisphosphonates 2 hours before or after taking magnesium.
• Calcium channel blockers (verapamil, diltiazem): Magnesium can enhance the effect of calcium channel blockers, which can lead to a decrease in blood pressure and bradycardia.
• Diuretics: Some diuretics (for example, loop and thiazide) can increase the excretion of magnesium by the kidneys, which can lead to hypomagnesia.
• Proton pump inhibitors (omeprazole, lansoprazole): Long -term use of proton pump inhibitors can reduce magnesium absorption.

When taking any drugs, it is necessary to consult with a doctor or pharmacist before taking potassium and magnesium-based dietary supplements in order to exclude possible interactions.

Alternative approaches to edema treatment

Potassium and magnesium dietary supplements can be useful as an addition to the main treatment of edema, but they are not a replacement for traditional treatment methods. There are various alternative approaches to the treatment of edema, which can be more effective or safe in certain cases.

• Drug therapy:
  • Diuretics: Diuretics (diuretics) increase the excretion of fluid with kidneys and reduce the volume of circulating blood. There are various types of diuretics, such as thiazide (hydrochlorotiazide), loop (furosemide) and potassium -saving (spironolactone).
  • Preparations that improve venous outflow (venotonics): These drugs improve the tone of veins and reduce the permeability of capillaries. These include diosmine, gesperidine, troxerutin.
  • Preparations that reduce blood pressure (ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers): If edema is caused by high blood pressure, it must be controlled with drugs.
  • Preparations that improve the function of the heart (heart glycosides, ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers): If edema is caused by heart failure, it is necessary to take drugs that improve the function of the heart.
• Non -drug methods:
  • Sodium (salt) consumption restriction: Sodium promotes fluid retention in the body. It is recommended to limit salt intake up to 2-2.3 grams per day.
  • Raising the legs: Raising the legs above the level of the heart contributes to the outflow of fluid from the lower extremities.
  • Compression knitwear: Compression knitwear exerts pressure on the veins and improves venous outflow, reducing swelling.
  • Massage: Massage can improve lymphatic drainage and reduce swelling.
  • Exercise: Regular physical exercises improve blood circulation and lymphatic drainage, reducing swelling.
  • Life change change: Reducing weight, rejection of smoking and alcohol consumption can help reduce swelling.
  • Herbal diuretics: Some herbs have a diuretic effect and can help reduce swelling. These include parsley, dandelion, nettles. However, before the use of herbal diuretics, it is necessary to consult a doctor, as they can interact with drugs.

In conclusion, it is important to remember that swelling can be a symptom of serious diseases. When swelling appears, consult a doctor to establish the cause and prescribe adequate treatment. Potassium and magnesium dietary supplements can be useful as an addition to the main treatment, but they are not a replacement for traditional treatment methods and should not be used without consulting a doctor.