Reduction of cholesterol using dietary supplements: recommendations of doctors

Reduction of cholesterol using dietary supplements: recommendations of doctors

Section 1: Cholesterol – the basis of health and risk

1. The role of cholesterol in the body: Cholesterol, fat -like substance, plays a critical role in numerous physiological processes. It is a key component of cell membranes, providing their structure and functionality. Cholesterol is necessary for the synthesis of hormones, such as estrogen, testosterone and cortisol, which regulate various aspects of metabolism, reproductive function and stress reaction. In addition, it is involved in the production of bile acids necessary for digestion and assimilation of fats. Without enough cholesterol, the body could not function normally. However, an excess amount of cholesterol, especially certain types, can pose a serious threat to health.

2. “Good” and “bad” cholesterol: HDL and LDL: Cholesterol is transported in blood lipoproteins, the main of which are high density lipoproteins (HDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL). LDL is often called “poor” cholesterol, since the high level of LDL helps the accumulation of cholesterol on the walls of arteries, forming atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques narrow the lumen of the arteries, limiting blood flow and increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction and stroke. LDL, on the contrary, is called “good” cholesterol. LDP help remove excess cholesterol from arteries and transport it to the liver for processing and excretion. A high level of HDL reduces the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Maintaining a healthy balance between HDL and LDL is critical of the health of the cardiovascular system.

3. Risk factors for increased cholesterol: Increased cholesterol, or hypercholesterolemia, can be caused by various factors, both modified and unmodified. Unmodified factors include a genetic predisposition, age and gender. Some people are genetically predisposed to develop more cholesterol or to reduce the effectiveness of its removal from the body. With age, cholesterol usually increases. Men, as a rule, have a higher level of LDL than women to menopause. Modified factors include diet, physical activity, weight and smoking. A diet rich in rich and trans fats, cholesterol, can increase the level of LDL. Low physical activity helps to increase LDL levels and reduce LDP levels. Excess weight, especially in the abdomen, is also associated with an increased cholesterol level. Smoking reduces the level of HDL and damages the walls of the arteries, making them more susceptible to cholesterol accumulation. Control of modified risk factors is the key to maintaining a healthy level of cholesterol.

4. Complications of hypercholesterolemia: Uncontrolled high cholesterol can lead to serious complications, primarily to cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerosis, the progressive accumulation of plaques in the arteries is the main complication of hypercholesterolemia. As plaques grow, they narrow the lumen of the arteries, limiting blood flow and causing ischemia, or a lack of oxygen, in tissues. This can lead to angina pectoris (chest pain), myocardial infarction (heart attack) and stroke. Atherosclerosis can also affect the arteries of the lower extremities, causing an interspersent chromium (pain in the legs when walking) and even gangrene. In addition, a high level of cholesterol can contribute to the development of diseases of the gallbladder, such as gallstones. Early diagnosis and treatment of hypercholesterolemia are crucial to prevent these serious complications.

Section 2: Bad as a tool for reducing cholesterol: evidence and restrictions

1. Review of popular dietary supplements to reduce cholesterol: The market presents many biologically active additives (dietary supplements) advertised as a means for reducing cholesterol. Some of the most popular include:

   • Red yeast rice: Contains Monacoline K, a substance identical to lovastatin, a drug for reducing cholesterol.
   • Omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil): Reduce the level of triglycerides and can slightly increase the level of HDL.
   • Plant Stanols and sterols: Block the absorption of cholesterol in the intestines.
   • Food fibers (psillium, oats): Bind cholesterol in the intestines and contribute to its excretion.
   • Garlic: Some studies show that garlic can slightly reduce cholesterol.
   • Niacin (Vitamin B3): It can increase the level of HDL and reduce the level of LDL and triglycerides, but has side effects.
   • Soy protein: It can slightly reduce the level of LDL.
   • Artichoke: Some studies show that the artichoke can reduce cholesterol.
   • Coenzim q10: Although it does not reduce cholesterol directly, it can be useful for people taking statins to relieve muscle pain.

2. Dietary supplies mechanisms: Various dietary supplements have different effects on cholesterol. Red yeast rice containing Monacolin K is similar to statins, inhibiting the enzyme GMG-Koa reductase, which is involved in the synthesis of cholesterol in the liver. Plant Stanolas and sterola block the absorption of cholesterol in the intestines, preventing its ingress into the blood. Dietary fibers bind cholesterol in the intestines and contribute to its excretion with feces, reducing its absorption. Omega-3 fatty acids reduce the level of triglycerides, another type of fat in the blood, and can slightly increase the level of HDL. Garlic, apparently, has a comprehensive effect on cholesterol metabolism, affecting its synthesis and excretion. Niacin affects the metabolism of lipoproteins, increasing the level of HDL and reducing the level of LDL and triglycerides. Soy protein can affect the metabolism of cholesterol in the liver. The artichoke is believed to stimulates the production of bile, which helps to remove cholesterol.

3. Scientific evidence of effectiveness and safety: Scientific evidence of the effectiveness and safety of dietary supplements for reducing cholesterol vary. The red yeast rice containing Monacoline K was most studied and showed its effectiveness in reducing the level of LDL, but its use is associated with the same risks as statins, including side effects and drug interactions. Omega-3 fatty acids have proven themselves to reduce the level of triglycerides, but their influence on the level of LDL is less pronounced. Plant Stanolas and sterola effectively reduce the level of LDL, but their long-term effects on cardiovascular outcomes are not completely studied. Food fibers safely and effectively reduce cholesterol, but to achieve a significant effect, you need to consume a large amount. Evidence of garlic efficiency for reduction of cholesterol is contradictory. Niacin is effective for increasing the level of HDLs and reducing the level of LDL and triglycerides, but has significant side effects and requires medical observation. Evidence of the effectiveness of soy protein and artichoke to reduce cholesterol is limited. It is important to note that dietary supplements are not regulated as strictly as medicines, and their quality and composition can vary.

4. Restrictions and risks of dietary supplement: The use of dietary supplements to reduce cholesterol is associated with certain restrictions and risks. Firstly, dietary supplements are not regulated as strictly as medicines, and their quality and composition can vary. This can lead to the fact that the product contains less active ingredient than indicated on the label, or contains impurities. Secondly, dietary supplements can interact with medicines that you take, which can lead to undesirable side effects or reduce the effectiveness of drugs. Thirdly, some dietary supplements may have side effects, such as stomach disorder, headaches or allergic reactions. Fourth, dietary supplements should not be used as a replacement for traditional treatment, such as a change in lifestyle and taking medications prescribed by a doctor. Fifthly, it is important to remember that dietary supplements are not always effective for all people, and their effectiveness can vary depending on individual characteristics. Finally, it is important to consult a doctor before taking any dietary supplements, especially if you have any chronic diseases or take any medicine.

Section 3: Recommendations of doctors on the use of dietary supplements to reduce cholesterol

1. When dietary supplements can be considered as an addition to the main treatment: Bades can be considered as an addition to the main treatment in certain cases, when a change in lifestyle, such as diet and physical exercises, is not enough to reduce cholesterol to the target level, and when patients cannot or do not want to take medications, such as statins, due to side effects or other causes. Bades can also be considered for people with a moderately increased cholesterol level, who do not have other risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. It is important to note that dietary supplements should not be used as a replacement for traditional treatment, but should be part of an integrated approach, including a change in lifestyle and medical observation.

2. The need to consult a doctor: Consultation with a doctor before taking any dietary supplements to reduce cholesterol is crucial. The doctor can evaluate your individual risk of cardiovascular diseases, evaluate your cholesterol level and other risk factors, discuss the potential advantages and risks of dietary supplements, and also help you choose the most suitable dietary supplement and dosage. The doctor can also check for possible drug interactions and side effects. In addition, the doctor can control your cholesterol level during dietary supplements to make sure that they are effective and safe. Self -medication of dietary supplements without consulting a doctor can be dangerous and lead to undesirable consequences.

3. Choice of Bad: Factors that should be taken into account: When choosing a dietary supplement to reduce cholesterol, several factors should be taken into account. Firstly, it is necessary to take into account scientific evidence of the effectiveness and safety of Bad. Choose dietary supplements that have been well studied and showed their effectiveness in reducing cholesterol in clinical trials. Secondly, it is necessary to take into account the quality and composition of the dietary supplement. Choose dietary supplements from well -known manufacturers who have passed independent testing for cleanliness and efficiency. Thirdly, it is necessary to take into account the possible drug interactions and side effects of dietary supplements. Discuss with the doctor all the medicines that you take to make sure that the dietary supplement will not interact with them. Fourth, it is necessary to take into account the dosage of dietary supplements. Start with a low dose and gradually increase it as necessary under the supervision of a doctor. Fifthly, it is necessary to take into account the cost of dietary supplements. Bades can be expensive, so make sure that you can afford to accept them on a regular basis.

4. Dosage and duration of the reception: The dosage and duration of the intake of dietary supplements to reduce cholesterol vary depending on the specific dietary supplement and the individual needs of the patient. It is important to follow the instructions of the doctor or instructions on the label of the product. It is usually recommended to start with a low dose and gradually increase it as necessary under the supervision of a doctor. The duration of dietary supplements can also vary. Some dietary supplements can be taken over a short period of time, for example, several weeks or months, while others can be taken for a long period of time, for example, for several years. It is important to regularly control the cholesterol level during dietary supplements to make sure that they are effective and safe.

5. Efficiency and safety monitoring: Monitoring of efficiency and safety of dietary supplements to reduce cholesterol is crucial. Regularly control the cholesterol level to make sure that dietary supplements are effective in reducing the level of LDL and increasing the level of HDL. Also monitor any side effects, such as stomach disorder, headaches or allergic reactions. If you experience any side effects, stop taking a dietary supplement and consult a doctor. The doctor may adjust the dosage of dietary supplements, recommend another dietary supplement or stop taking dietary supplements. Regular monitoring helps to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the use of dietary supplements to reduce cholesterol.

Section 4: Change in lifestyle – the basis of cholesterol decrease

1. Diet, reducing cholesterol: Diet plays a key role in reducing cholesterol levels. The basic principles of a diet that reduces cholesterol include the restriction of the consumption of saturated and trans fats, cholesterol, as well as an increase in the consumption of soluble fiber. Saturated fats contained in red meat, fatty dairy products and processed products increase the level of LDL. Transfiders contained in fried foods and baking also increase the level of LDL and reduce the level of HDL. Cholesterol contained in animal products, such as eggs, meat and dairy products, can increase cholesterol in some people. The soluble fiber contained in oats, apples, citrus and legumes binds cholesterol in the intestines and contributes to its excretion. It is recommended to adhere to a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grain products, low -fat protein and healthy fats, such as olive oil, avocados and nuts.

2. Physical activity: Regular physical activity has a significant effect on cholesterol. Physical exercises help reduce LDL level and increase the level of HDL. It is recommended to engage in moderate physical exercises, such as walking, running, swimming or cycling, at least 150 minutes a week or intense physical exercises, such as jogging or aerobics, at least 75 minutes a week. In addition, strength training, such as weight lifting, can also help improve cholesterol. Physical activity also helps to reduce weight, improve blood pressure control and reduce the risk of diabetes, which also helps to improve the health of the cardiovascular system.

3. Weight control: Excess weight, especially in the abdomen, is associated with an increased cholesterol level. Weight reduction can help reduce the level of LDL and increase the level of HDL. It is recommended to strive to maintain a healthy weight by combining a diet and physical exercises. Even a slight weight loss, for example, by 5-10%, can have a significant effect on cholesterol.

4. Refusal of smoking: Smoking has a negative effect on cholesterol. Smoking reduces the level of HDL and damages the walls of the arteries, making them more susceptible to cholesterol accumulation. Refusal of smoking can help increase the level of HDL and reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. There are various ways to quit smoking, such as nicotine plasters, chewing gums and medicines that are released according to the prescription.

5. Stress management: Chronic stress can have a negative effect on cholesterol. Stress can lead to an increase in consumption of unhealthy foods, a decrease in physical activity and smoking, which can help increase cholesterol. It is important to learn how to manage stress using various methods such as meditation, yoga, tai-chi or just spending time in nature.

Section 5: Alternative methods and prospects

1. Other alternative methods (acupuncture, meditation, etc.): In addition to dietary supplements and a change in lifestyle, some people turn to other alternative methods to reduce cholesterol. Acupuncture, a traditional Chinese medical equipment, including the introduction of thin needles into certain points on the body, can help reduce cholesterol in some people. Meditation, the practice of concentrating attention and reassuring the mind, can help reduce the level of stress, which, in turn, can have a positive effect on cholesterol. Other alternative methods, such as yoga, tai-chi and aromatherapy, can also help reduce stress levels and improve the overall health. However, it is important to note that the scientific evidence of the effectiveness of these alternative methods for reducing cholesterol is limited.

2. New developments in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia (PCSK9 inhibitors, etc.): In the field of treatment for hypercholesterolemia, new developments are constantly appearing. One of the most promising areas are PCSK9 inhibitors, a class of drugs that reduce the LDL level by inhibiting the PCSK9 protein, which is involved in the regulation of blood cholesterol. PCSK9 inhibitors showed their effectiveness in reducing the level of LDL by 50-60% or more and can be especially useful for people who do not tolerate statins or in which cholesterol is not controlled by statins. Other new developments in the field of treatment with hypercholesterolemia include drugs that reduce triglycerides and increase the level of HDL.

3. The future of the use of dietary supplements in the complex therapy of hypercholesterolemia: The future use of dietary supplements in the complex therapy of hypercholesterolemia remains uncertain. As new medicines appear, such as PCSK9 inhibitors, the role of dietary supplements in reducing cholesterol levels may decrease. However, dietary supplements can still play a role as an addition to the main treatment for people who do not tolerate medicines or in which cholesterol is not controlled by drugs. It is important to note that additional studies are needed to determine the effectiveness and safety of dietary supplements to reduce cholesterol and to determine how it is best to use them in the complex therapy of hypercholesterolemia.