Dietary supplements to reduce cortisol: contraindications and side effects

Dietary supplements to reduce cortisol: contraindications and side effects

I. What is cortisol and why is it important to control it?

Cortisol is a glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex in response to stress. It plays a crucial role in the regulation of many physiological processes, including:

• Glucose metabolism: Cortisol increases blood glucose, providing the body with energy in stressful situations. It stimulates gluconeogenesis (the formation of glucose from non-carb sources) in the liver and reduces the sensitivity of tissues to insulin.

• Inflammatory processes: Cortisol has anti -inflammatory properties, suppressing the immune system and reducing inflammation. However, with a long increase in the level of cortisol, this can lead to a decrease in immunity and increased susceptibility to infections.

• Regulation of blood pressure: Cortisol helps maintain normal blood pressure, enhancing the sensitivity of the vessels to vasoconstrictor hormones.

• The function of the cardiovascular system: Cortisol affects the work of the heart and blood vessels, increasing the heart rate and myocardial contractions.

• Stress reaction: Cortisol is a key hormone of the stress reaction “Behas.” It helps the body adapt to stressful situations, providing energy and mobilizing resources.

Although cortisol is necessary for survival and normal functioning of the body, a chronically increased level of cortisol can have a negative effect on health. Here are some of the potential consequences:

• Weight gain: An increased level of cortisol contributes to the accumulation of fat, especially in the abdomen. It also increases appetite and craving for sweet and fat.

• Muscle atrophy: Cortisol stimulates the decay of muscle tissue, which can lead to a decrease in strength and endurance.

• Improving blood sugar: Cortisol can aggravate insulin resistance and increase the risk of type 2 diabetes.

• High blood pressure: Chronically increased cortisol levels can lead to arterial hypertension.

• Reduced immunity: Cortisol suppresses the immune system, making the body more susceptible to infections.

• Osteoporosis: Cortisol can reduce bone density, increasing the risk of fractures.

• Insomnia: An increased level of cortisol can violate sleep, causing insomnia and other sleep disorders.

• Depression and anxiety: Cortisol can affect mood and mental health, increasing the risk of depression, anxiety and irritability.

• Violation of cognitive functions: Chronically increased cortisol levels can worsen memory, concentration and other cognitive functions.

Given the potential negative consequences of the chronically increased level of cortisol, it is important to control its level and take measures to reduce it if it is increased. Bades (biologically active additives) can be one of the tools to achieve this goal.

II. Overview of dietary supplements used to reduce cortisol:

There are many dietary supplements that are positioned as a means to reduce the level of cortisol. It is important to understand that the effectiveness and safety of these additives can vary, and before use it is necessary to consult a doctor. Here are some of the most common dietary supplements used to reduce cortisol:

1. Ashwaganda (withania somnifera):

   • The mechanism of action: Ashvaganda is an adaptogen that helps the body adapt to stress. It is believed that it reduces the level of cortisol, modulating the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (GGN axis), which plays a key role in the regulation of a stress reaction. Ashvaganda can also influence neurotransmitters, such as GABA (gamma-aminomatic acid), contributing to relaxation and a decrease in anxiety.
   • Research: Some studies have shown that Ashvagand can reduce cortisol levels and improve stress and anxiety symptoms.
   • Side effects: Digestive disorders (nausea, diarrhea), drowsiness are possible. In rare cases, allergic reactions can cause.
   • Contraindications: Pregnancy and breastfeeding, autoimmune diseases (due to a potential immunostimulating effect), hyperthyroidism (due to a possible effect on the thyroid gland function).

2. Phosphateidilsin (PhOSPhatIDYLSERINE):

   • The mechanism of action: Phosphatidylserin is a phospholipid, which is an important component of cell membranes, especially in the brain. It is believed that it reduces the level of cortisol, modulating the activity of the GGN axis. It can also improve brain function and cognitive abilities.
   • Research: Some studies have shown that phosphatidylserin can reduce the level of cortisol caused by physical activity or stress.
   • Side effects: Digestive disorders (nausea, diarrhea), insomnia are possible.
   • Contraindications: It is not recommended when taking anticoagulants (thinning blood) of drugs, as they can enhance their effect.

3. Rhodiola pink (Rhodiola rosea):

   • The mechanism of action: Rhodiola pink is an adaptogen that helps the body adapt to stress. It is believed that it reduces the level of cortisol, modulating the activity of the GGN axis and improving the function of neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and dopamine.
   • Research: Some studies have shown that Rodiola Pink can reduce cortisol levels, improve stress and anxiety symptoms, as well as increase physical and mental performance.
   • Side effects: Insomnia, irritability, headache are possible.
   • Contraindications: Pregnancy and breastfeeding, bipolar disorder (due to a possible manic effect).

4. Magnesium:

   • The mechanism of action: Magnesium is an important mineral that is involved in many physiological processes, including the regulation of a stress reaction. It is believed that it reduces the level of cortisol, modulating the activity of the GGN axis and improving the function of neurotransmitters, such as the GABA. Magnesium can also contribute to muscle relaxation and a decrease in blood pressure.
   • Research: Some studies have shown that magnesium can reduce the level of cortisol, improve sleep and reduce anxiety symptoms.
   • Side effects: Disorders (diarrhea), nausea are possible.
   • Contraindications: Severe renal failure, myasthenia.

5. L-theanine:

   • The mechanism of action: L-theanine is an amino acid that is contained in tea. It is believed that it reduces the level of cortisol, increasing the level of the GABA in the brain, which helps to relax and reduce anxiety.
   • Research: Some studies have shown that L-theanine can reduce the level of cortisol, improve sleep and reduce anxiety symptoms.
   • Side effects: It is usually well tolerated, but in rare cases it can cause headache or drowsiness.
   • Contraindications: Pregnancy and breastfeeding (not enough security data).

6. B vitamins B (especially B5, B6, B12):

   • The mechanism of action: B vitamins play an important role in metabolism and functions of the nervous system. Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) is necessary for the production of hormones with adrenal glands, including cortisol. Vitamins B6 and B12 are involved in the synthesis of neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and dopamine, which affect mood and stress resistance. It is believed that these vitamins can support the adrenal gland function and help the body adapt to stress.
   • Research: B vitamins deficiency can aggravate stress and anxiety. An additional technique of B vitamins can improve mood and reduce stress susceptibility.
   • Side effects: When taking the recommended doses, it is usually well tolerated. High doses of vitamin B6 can cause neurological symptoms.
   • Contraindications: Individual intolerance.

7. Relora (Relora):

   • The mechanism of action: Relora is a patented mixture of extracts Magnolia officinalis And Phellodendron amurense. It is believed that it reduces the level of cortisol, modulating the activity of the GGN axis and reducing the level of anxiety.
   • Research: Some studies have shown that relore can reduce the level of cortisol, reduce stress and anxiety symptoms, and improve mood.
   • Side effects: Drownness, digestive disorders are possible.
   • Contraindications: Pregnancy and breastfeeding (not enough security data).

8. Melatonin:

   • The mechanism of action: Melatonin is a hormone that regulates the cycle of sleep and wakefulness. It does not reduce the level of cortisol directly, but improving the quality of sleep can indirectly help reduce the level of cortisol, especially in the morning.
   • Research: Melatonin is effective for improving sleep, especially with insomnia.
   • Side effects: Drowning, headache, dizziness are possible.
   • Contraindications: Autoimmune diseases (due to a potential immunostimulating effect), pregnancy and breastfeeding (not enough safety data).

9. Solo root (Glycyrhiza Glabra):

   • The mechanism of action: The root of the licorice contains glycyrisic acid, which can inhibit an enzyme that split cortisol, which leads to an increase in the level of cortisol in the blood. However, despite this, some studies show that it can have an adaptogenic effect and improve the reaction to stress, possibly due to the modulation of the GGN axis.
   • Research: The research results are contradictory.
   • Side effects: Increasing blood pressure, fluid retention, hypokalemia (decreased potassium in the blood).
   • Contraindications: Arterial hypertension, heart disease, kidneys, pregnancy and breastfeeding. It is not recommended to use for a long time.

10. St. John’s wort (Hypericum Perforatum):

    • The mechanism of action: St. John’s wort is the grass used to treat depression. He can affect the level of cortisol, modulating the function of the GAG ​​axis and neurotransmitters, such as serotonin.
    • Research: Effective for the treatment of depression of mild and moderate severity.
    • Side effects: Sensitivity to sunlight (photosensitization), digestive disorders, dry mouth, dizziness.
    • Contraindications: Pregnancy and breastfeeding, bipolar disorder, interaction with many drugs (including antidepressants, anticoagulants, contraceptive tablets). Be sure to consult your doctor before use.

It is important to note: This list is not exhaustive, and there are many other dietary supplements that are positioned as a means to reduce cortisol. Before using any dietary supplements, you need to consult a doctor to make sure that they are safe and suitable for you.

III. Factors affecting the choice of dietary supplements:

The choice of a suitable dietary supplement to reduce the level of cortisol depends on several factors, including:

• The reason for the increased level of cortisol: It is important to determine the cause of the increased level of cortisol. If the cause is chronic stress, adaptogens, such as Ashvaganda or Rhodiola pink, can be useful. If the cause is related to sleep disturbance, melatonin can be useful.

• Individual features: Each person is unique, and what works for one may not work for the other. It is important to consider individual characteristics, such as age, gender, health status and medications taken.

• Side effects and contraindications: Before using any dietary supplement, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with its potential side effects and contraindications.

• Interaction with drugs: Some dietary supplements can interact with drugs, so it is important to inform the doctor about all the medicines you take.

• Bad quality: It is important to choose dietary supplements from reliable manufacturers who adhere to high quality standards. Pay attention to the availability of quality certificates and laboratory tests.

• Dosage: It is important to follow the recommended dosage of dietary supplements. Do not exceed the recommended dosage, as this can increase the risk of side effects.

IV. A detailed consideration of contraindications and side effects of each dietary supplement:

This section discusses in detail the contraindications and side effects of each of the above dietary supplements. It is important to carefully familiarize yourself with this information before using any dietary supplement.

1. Ashwaganda (withania somnifera):

• Contraindications:

  • Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Ashvagand can cause uterine contractions and is not recommended during pregnancy. The safety of the use of Ashvaganda during breastfeeding has not been established.
  • Autoimmune diseases: Ashvaganda can stimulate the immune system and is not recommended for autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and multiple sclerosis.
  • Hypertreenineosis: Ashvagand can affect the function of the thyroid gland and is not recommended for hyperthyroidism.
  • Sensitivity to plants of the people’s family: Ashvaganda belongs to a family of nightshade (Solanaceae), and people with sensitivity to plants such as tomatoes, pepper and eggplant should be used with caution.
  • Reception of immunosuppressants: Ashvaganda can reduce the effectiveness of immunosuppressants.
  • Postoperative period: Ashvagand can enhance the effect of anesthesia and other drugs used during surgery. It is recommended to stop taking Ashvaganda at least two weeks before the planned operation.

• Side effects:

  • Digestive disorders: The most common side effects include nausea, diarrhea and abdominal pain.
  • Drowsiness: Ashvagand can cause drowsiness and fatigue.
  • Allergic reactions: In rare cases, allergic reactions such as skin rash, itching and swelling may occur.
  • Reduced blood pressure: Ashvagand can reduce blood pressure, which can be a problem for people with low blood pressure.
  • Improving the level of thyroid hormones: In rare cases, Ashvagand can increase the level of thyroid hormones.

2..

• Contraindications:

  • Taking anticoagulants (liquefying blood) drugs: Phosphatidylserin can enhance the effect of anticoagulants such as warfarin, which can increase the risk of bleeding.
  • Pregnancy and breastfeeding: There is not enough data on the safety of the use of phosphatidylserin during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
  • Individual intolerance: Rare cases of allergic reactions.

• Side effects:

  • Digestive disorders: The most common side effects include nausea, diarrhea and abdominal pain.
  • Insomnia: In some cases, phosphatidylserin can cause insomnia, especially when taking high doses.
  • Headache: A headache can rarely occur.

3. Rhodiola pink (Rhodiola rosea):

• Contraindications:

  • Pregnancy and breastfeeding: There is not enough data on the safety of Rhodiola pink during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
  • Bipolar disorder: Rhodiola pink can cause manic episodes in people with bipolar disorder.
  • Alarm disorders: In some cases, Rhodiola pink can enhance the alarm.
  • Reception of stimulants: Rhodiola pink has a stimulating effect and can enhance the action of other stimulants such as caffeine.

• Side effects:

  • Insomnia: Rhodiola pink can cause insomnia, especially when taking high doses or in the evening.
  • Irritability: Rhodiola pink can cause irritability and nervousness.
  • Headache: A headache can rarely occur.
  • Improving blood pressure: In rare cases, Rhodiola pink can increase blood pressure.

4. Magnesium:

• Contraindications:

  • Severe renal failure: With renal failure, magnesium can accumulate in the body and cause toxic effects.
  • Myasthenia: Magnesium can worsen the symptoms of myasthenia.
  • Atrioventricular blockade: Magnesium can slow down the heart rhythm and aggravate the atrioventricular blockade.
  • Diarrhea: Magnesium in large doses has a laxative effect.

• Side effects:

  • Digestive disorders: The most common side effects include diarrhea, nausea and abdominal pain.
  • Reduced blood pressure: Magnesium can reduce blood pressure, which can be a problem for people with low blood pressure.
  • Muscle weakness: In rare cases, magnesium can cause muscle weakness.

5. L-theanine:

• Contraindications:

  • Pregnancy and breastfeeding: There is not enough data on the safety of the use of L-theanine during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

• Side effects:

  • L-theanine is usually well tolerated. In rare cases, it can cause headache or drowsiness.

6. B vitamins (especially B5, B6, B12):

• Contraindications:

  • Individual intolerance.

• Side effects:

  • When taking the recommended doses, it is usually well tolerated.
  • High doses of vitamin B6 can cause neurological symptoms (numbness and tingling in the limbs).
  • Vitamin B12 in high doses can cause allergic reactions.

7. Relora (Relora):

• Contraindications:

  • Pregnancy and breastfeeding: There is not enough data on the safety of the use of relore during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

• Side effects:

  • Drownness, digestive disorders are possible.

8. Melatonin:

• Contraindications:

  • Autoimmune diseases: Melatonin can stimulate the immune system and is not recommended for autoimmune diseases.
  • Pregnancy and breastfeeding: There is not enough data on the safety of the use of melatonin during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
  • Taking anticoagulants (liquefying blood) drugs: Melatonin can enhance the effect of anticoagulants.

• Side effects:

  • Drowning, headache, dizziness are possible.
  • In rare cases, melatonin can cause nightmares, depression and irritability.

9. Solo root (Glycyrhiza Glabra):

• Contraindications:

  • Arterial hypertension.
  • Heart disease.
  • Kidney diseases.
  • Pregnancy and breastfeeding.
  • Hypokalemia (low blood potassium in the blood).

• Side effects:

  • Increasing blood pressure.
  • Liquid delay.
  • Hypokalemia (decreased potassium in the blood).
  • Muscle weakness.
  • Headache.
  • Fatigue.

It is not recommended to use for a long time.

10. St. John’s wort (Hypericum Perforatum):

• Contraindications:

  • Pregnancy and breastfeeding.
  • Bipolar disorder.
  • Reception of antidepressants (especially the SiOS and Maoi).
  • Reception of anticoagulants.
  • Reception of contraceptives.
  • Reception of immunosuppressants.
  • Reception of digoxin.
  • Reception of theophylline.

• Side effects:

  • Sensitivity to sunlight (photosensitization).
  • Digestive disorders.
  • Dry mouth.
  • Dizziness.
  • Insomnia.
  • Anxiety.
  • Sexual dysfunction.

Be sure to consult your doctor before use.

V. The interaction of dietary supplements with drugs:

The interaction of dietary supplements with drugs is a serious problem that can lead to undesirable side effects or reducing the effectiveness of drugs. It is important to inform the doctor about all your dietary supplements so that he can evaluate the risk of possible interactions.

Here are some examples of the interactions of dietary supplements used to reduce cortisol with drugs:

• Ashwaganda: It can interact with immunosuppressants, anticoagulants, antidiabetic drugs and drugs for the thyroid gland.

• Phosphateidixine: It can interact with anticoagulants (thinning blood) drugs.

• Rodiola pink: It can interact with stimulants, antidepressants and drugs for the treatment of anxiety.

• Magnesium: It can interact with some antibiotics, diuretics and drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis.

• St. John’s wort: It has a large number of drug interactions, including interaction with antidepressants, anticoagulants, contraceptives, immunosuppressants and many other drugs.

VI. Alternative methods for reducing cortisol levels:

In addition to dietary supplements, there are other methods of reducing the level of cortisol, which can be safer and more effective:

• Stress management: The development of stress management techniques, such as meditation, yoga, breathing exercises and progressive muscle relaxation, can help reduce the level of cortisol.

• Healthy sleep: Compliance with sleep mode, providing a comfortable situation for sleeping and avoiding caffeine and alcohol before bedtime can improve sleep quality and reduce the level of cortisol.

• Physical activity: Regular physical exercises, especially moderate intensity, can help reduce the level of cortisol and improve the overall health.

• Healthy nutrition: A balanced diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grain products and low -fat proteins, can help stabilize blood sugar and reduce cortisol levels. Avoid processed products, sugar and excessive caffeine consumption.

• Social support: The presence of strong social support, communication with friends and family, participation in social events can help reduce stress and cortisol.

• Psychotherapy: Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (KPT), can help learn to cope with stress and anxiety, as well as change the negative thoughts and behavior that contribute to increasing the level of cortisol.

VII. When to consult a doctor:

It is important to consult a doctor if you experience the symptoms of a chronically increased level of cortisol, such as:

• Inexplicable weight gain, especially in the abdomen.
• Muscle weakness.
• Increased blood sugar.
• High blood pressure.
• Reducing immunity.
• Insomnia.
• Depression and anxiety.
• Violation of cognitive functions.

The doctor can conduct an examination and prescribe tests to determine the level of cortisol and identify the reason for its increase. It can also recommend the most suitable treatment methods, including a change in lifestyle, drug treatment or psychotherapy.

VIII. Conclusion:

Bades can be one of the tools to reduce the level of cortisol, but they are not a panacea. It is important to understand that the effectiveness and safety of dietary supplements can vary, and before their use it is necessary to consult a doctor. Alternative methods for reducing the level of cortisol, such as stress management, healthy sleep, physical activity and healthy nutrition, can be safer and more effective. It is important to consult a doctor if you experience symptoms of a chronically increased level of cortisol. Only a doctor can make the correct diagnosis and prescribe the most suitable treatment.