A comprehensive approach to edema treatment: diet and dietary supplement

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A comprehensive approach to edema treatment: diet and dietary supplement

I. Understanding edema: Causes and classification

Edema, or edema, is an excessive accumulation of fluid in the tissues of the body. This is not an independent disease, but a symptom indicating an imbalance in the system of regulation of water balance. Before considering a diet and dietary supplements as tools to facilitate a state, it is important to understand the causes and types of edema.

A. The reasons for edema:

Many factors can provoke swelling. They vary from relatively harmless ones, such as prolonged standing or sitting, to serious diseases requiring immediate medical intervention.

1. Heart failure: A weakened heart cannot effectively pump blood, which leads to its stagnation in the veins and increased pressure in the capillaries. This helps to seep fluids into the surrounding tissues, causing swelling in the legs, ankles and feet. In severe cases, pulmonary edema (pulmonal edema) may occur.

2. Kidney diseases: The kidneys play a key role in regulating the volume of fluid and electrolyte balance in the body. In diseases of the kidneys, such as nephrotic syndrome or renal failure, their ability to filter blood is disturbed. This leads to a delay in sodium and water, causing generalized edema, especially in the face, around the eyes (periorbital edema) and in the lower extremities.

3. Liver diseases: The liver synthesizes albumin – a protein that supports the osmotic blood pressure. For diseases of the liver, such as cirrhosis, the production of albumin is reduced, which leads to a decrease in osmotic pressure and the release of fluid from blood vessels, causing ascite (accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity) and edema of the lower extremities.

4. Lymphadema: The lymphatic system is responsible for drainage of fluid from tissues and its return to the bloodstream. Damage or obstruction of the lymph vessels (for example, after surgery, radiation therapy or infection) leads to the accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the tissues, causing a lymphate. The lymphedem most often affects the limbs and is characterized by dense, not amenable to pressing edema.

5. Venous failure: Chronic venous insufficiency (HVN) occurs when the veins of the lower extremities cannot effectively return the blood to the heart. This leads to increased pressure in veins and capillaries, causing fluid seaking into the surrounding tissues and swelling, especially in ankles and legs.

6. Allergic reactions: Allergic reactions can cause angioedema – sudden edema of the skin, mucous membranes and subcutaneous tissue. Angioneurotic edema most often affects the face, lips, tongue and throat and can be life -threatening if it affects the respiratory tract.

7. Pregnancy: During pregnancy in a woman’s body, the volume of circulating blood increases, which can lead to edema, especially in the legs and ankles. In addition, the growing uterus can squeeze the veins in the pelvis, making it difficult to outflow of blood from the lower extremities.

8. Medicines: Some drugs, such as non -steroidal anti -inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, calcium channel blockers and hormonal drugs, can cause swelling as a side effect.

9. Inal meals: Protein deficiency in the diet can lead to a decrease in the level of albumin in the blood and, as a result, to edema. Excessive salt consumption also promotes fluid retention in the body.

10. Idiopathic edema: In some cases, the cause of edema cannot be established. Such edema is called idiopathic.

B. Classification of edema:

Edema is classified according to various signs, such as localization, prevalence and mechanism of development.

1. By localization:

   • Generalized edema (Anasarka): Common edema affecting most of the body.
   • Localized edema: Limited edema that occur in a certain area of ​​the body (for example, swelling of the leg, arms, face).

2. By the mechanism of development:

   • Hydrostatic edema: They arise due to increased hydrostatic pressure in capillaries, for example, with heart failure or venous insufficiency.
   • Oncotic edema: They arise due to a decrease in blood pressure, for example, with protein deficiency or liver diseases.
   • Lymphatic edema: Arise due to a violation of the outflow of lymph.
   • Inflammatory swelling: Arise as a result of the inflammatory process.
   • Medication edema: Caused by taking certain drugs.

3. By the presence or absence of a hole:

   • Pitting edema edema: When pressed on the swollen region, a recess (hole) remains, which slowly disappears. Characteristic for edema caused by delayed fluid.
   • Foal edema (non-pitting edema): When pressed on the swollen area, the fossa is not formed. Characteristic for the lymphedem and edema associated with inflammation.

II. Diet for edema: key principles and recommendations

Dietotherapy plays an important role in an integrated approach to the treatment of edema. A properly compiled diet helps reduce fluid retention in the body, improve the function of the kidneys and liver, as well as strengthen the cardiovascular system.

A. Limiting sodium consumption:

Sodium is the main electrolyte that regulates the water balance in the body. Excessive consumption of sodium leads to a delay in fluid and increased blood pressure, which exacerbates the edema.

1. Recommendations:

   • Reduce salt consumption to 2-3 grams per day (equivalent to 1 teaspoon).
   • Avoid the use of products with a high sodium content, such as processed foods, canned food, fast food, sausages, salted snacks (chips, crackers, nuts), sauces (ketchup, mayonnaise, soy sauce).
   • Carefully read the composition of the products on the labels and choose products with a low sodium content.
   • Prepare food at home using fresh ingredients and avoiding the addition of salt.
   • Use herbs, spices and lemon juice to give taste to dishes instead of salt.
   • Do not crush the finished food.
   • Avoid the use of carbonated drinks containing sodium.

2. Products with a high sodium content, which should be avoided:

   • Salted cucumbers and other pickles
   • Sauerkraut
   • Smoked meat and fish
   • Ready -made soups and broths
   • Pizza
   • Cheeses (especially hard and processed)
   • Bread and bakery products (in large quantities)

B. Increase in potassium consumption:

Potassium is an electrolyte that helps regulate the balance of fluid in the body and counteracts sodium delaying water. Sufficient potassium consumption helps to remove excess sodium and fluid from the body.

1. Recommendations:

   • Turn on in the diet products rich in potassium, such as bananas, oranges, apricots, peaches, melon, potatoes (especially in the peel), spinach, broccoli, tomatoes, avocados, legumes.
   • Preteen fresh fruits and vegetables regularly.

2. Products rich in potassium:

   • Banans
   • Oranges
   • Dried apricots
   • Potatoes (with peel)
   • Spinach
   • Tomatoes
   • White beans
   • Prunes
   • Avocado

C. sufficient protein consumption:

Protein is necessary to maintain normal oncotic blood pressure, which prevents fluid output from blood vessels into the tissue. Protein deficiency can lead to a decrease in the level of albumin in the blood and, as a result, to swelling.

1. Recommendations:

   • Include a sufficient amount of protein products such as low -fat meat (chicken, turkey, fish), eggs, dairy products (cottage cheese, yogurt), legumes, tofu in the diet.
   • Calculate the need for protein individually, depending on age, gender, level of physical activity and health status. It is usually recommended to consume 0.8-1 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight per day.

2. Springs of protein:

   • Chicken (without skin)
   • Turkey (without skin)
   • Fish (especially fatty varieties, such as salmon and tuna)
   • Eggs
   • Cottage cheese (low -fat)
   • Greek yogurt (low -fat)
   • Lentils
   • Quinoa
   • Tofu

D. Restriction of fluid consumption (in some cases):

In some cases, especially with heart or renal failure, it may require restriction of fluid intake in order to prevent the body overload with fluid and aggravation of edema.

1. Recommendations:

   • Consult a doctor about the required volume of fluid consumed.
   • Carefully monitor the amount of liquid drunk, including water, tea, coffee, juices and soups.
   • Take into account the liquid contained in food, such as fruits and vegetables.
   • Avoid the use of sweet drinks that can contribute to fluid retention.

E. diet rich in fiber:

Fiber helps to normalize digestion and eliminate toxins from the body, which indirectly can help reduce swelling.

1. Recommendations:

   • Include in the diet products rich in fiber, such as whole grain products, vegetables, fruits, legumes.

2. Sources of fiber:

   • Oatmeal
   • Brown rice
   • Whole wheat bread
   • Apples
   • Pear
   • Broccoli
   • Carrot
   • Lentils
   • Beans

F. Products with a diuretic effect:

Some products have a mild diuretic effect that can help reduce swelling.

1. Examples:

   • Watermelon
   • Cucumber
   • Cranberry
   • Parsley
   • Asparagus
   • Green tea
   • Coffee (in moderate quantities)

G. Individual approach:

It is important to remember that the diet during edema should be individual and take into account the cause of edema, the general state of health and the presence of concomitant diseases. Before making any changes to your diet, it is necessary to consult a doctor or nutritionist.

III. Dietary dietary supplements: review and use

Biologically active additives (dietary supplements) can be a useful addition to the diet and other methods of treatment of edema. However, it is important to remember that dietary supplements are not replacing drugs and should not be used without consulting a doctor. Many dietary supplements can interact with medicines and have side effects.

A. Bades with a diuretic effect:

Some dietary supplements contain plant components with a diuretic effect that can help reduce swelling.

1. Cranberry extract: Cranberry contains anti -oxidans with antioxidant and anti -inflammatory properties. Cranberries also have a mild diuretic effect and can help prevent urinary tract infections.

2. Parsley extract: Parsley is a natural diuretic that helps to remove excess fluid from the body.

3. Dandelion extract: Dandelion contains potassium and other beneficial substances that help to remove fluid and normalize the electrolyte balance.

4. Castline extract: The beast has a diuretic and antiseptic effect and is often used to treat urinary tract infections.

5. Бучу (hauch): The traditional South African medicinal plant used as a diuretic.

B. Bades to strengthen blood vessels:

Strengthening the vascular wall can help improve blood circulation and reduce swelling caused by venous insufficiency.

1. Routine: Rutin is a bioflavonoid that has antioxidant and anti -inflammatory properties. Rutin strengthens the walls of the capillaries, improves blood circulation and reduces swelling.

2. Diosmin and Gesperidin: These bioflavonoids are often used in combination for the treatment of venous insufficiency. They strengthen the walls of the veins, improve the venous outflow and reduce swelling.

3. Horse chestnut extract: Horse chestnut contains escin, which has anti -inflammatory and venotonizing properties. Horse chestnut extract helps reduce swelling, pain and heaviness in the legs associated with venous failure.

4. Extract of grape seeds: Contains pro -Aantocyanidines, which are powerful antioxidants and strengthen the vessels.

5. Gotha Cola (Centella asiatica): Improves blood circulation and strengthens the vascular wall.

C. Bades with antioxidant properties:

Antioxidants help protect cells from damage to free radicals, which can play the role in the development of edema.

1. Vitamin C: Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant that strengthens the immune system and protects the cells from damage.

2. Vitamin E: Vitamin E is another powerful antioxidant that protects cells from damage and supports skin health.

3. Selenium: Selenium is a trace element that has antioxidant properties and plays an important role in the work of the immune system.

4. Coenzim q10: It is important for energy metabolism and has an antioxidant effect.

D. Dietrs to maintain kidney function:

For diseases of the kidneys that cause swelling, dietary supplements that support the function of the kidneys can be useful.

1. Lingonberry extract: It has antiseptic and diuretic properties, is useful for urinary tract infections.

2. Lesepedeza (Lespedeza capitata): It is traditionally used to maintain kidney function.

E. Other useful dietary supplements:

1. Magnesium: Magnesium plays an important role in regulating the water balance and can help reduce swelling.

2. Omega-3 fatty acids: Omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties and can help improve blood circulation.

3. Probiotics: Probiotics support the health of the intestine, which can indirectly affect the reduction of edema.

F. Cautions when using dietary supplements:

• Consultation with a doctor: Before taking any dietary supplements, you need to consult a doctor, especially if you have any diseases or you take medications.
• Quality of dietary supplements: Choose dietary supplements from reliable manufacturers that guarantee the quality and safety of your products.
• Dosage: Follow the recommended dosage indicated on the pack of dietary supplements.
• Side effects: Follow your condition and stop taking dietary supplements if you have any side effects.
• Interaction with drugs: Bades can interact with drugs, so it is important to inform the doctor about all the dietary supplements that you are taking.
• Are not a cure: Remember that dietary supplements are not drugs and should not be used for self -medication.

IV. Comprehensive approach: a combination of diet and dietary supplements with other treatment methods

Diet and dietary supplements are important components of an integrated approach to edema treatment, but they should be combined with other treatment methods prescribed by a doctor.

A. Drug treatment:

Depending on the cause of the edema, the doctor may prescribe drugs such as diuretics (diuretics), drugs for the treatment of heart failure, antihistamines (with allergic reactions) and others.

B. Compression therapy:

Compression therapy is used to treat edema caused by venous deficiency and lymphedema. Compression stockings or bandages help improve blood circulation and lymphatic drainage.

C. Physiotherapy:

Physiotherapeutic procedures, such as lymphatic drainage massage and exercises, can help improve the outflow of tissue fluids and reduce swelling.

D. Change in lifestyle:

Changing lifestyle can help reduce swelling. Recommended:

• Regular physical activity
• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Refusal of smoking and drinking alcohol
• Avoid prolonged standing or sitting in one position
• Raise legs above the level of the heart several times a day
• Wear comfortable shoes

E. Monitoring of the condition:

It is important to regularly monitor your condition, mark changes in weight, circle of limbs and other symptoms, as well as inform the doctor about them.

F. The importance of consulting a doctor:

Self -medication of edema can be dangerous. It is important to consult a doctor to establish the cause of edema and prescribe adequate treatment. Diet and dietary supplements can be a useful addition to treatment, but they should not replace drug therapy and other treatment methods prescribed by the doctor.

V. Special diets and dietary supplements with specific types of edema

Depending on the cause of the edema, certain diets and dietary supplements can be recommended.

A. edema for heart failure:

1. Diet:

   • Strict sodium restriction
   • Fluid restriction (depending on the recommendations of the doctor)
   • Sufficient protein consumption
   • Products rich in potassium (taking into account the condition of the kidneys)

2. Bad:

   • Coenzym Q10 (to maintain heart function)
   • Magnesium (to maintain heart rhythm)
   • Omega-3 fatty acids (to reduce inflammation)

B. swelling for kidney diseases:

1. Diet:

   • Sodium restriction
   • Fluid restriction (depending on the recommendations of the doctor)
   • Protein restriction (depending on the stage of kidney disease)
   • Restriction of phosphorus and potassium (depending on the recommendations of the doctor and test results)

2. Bad:

   • Lingonberry extract (with urinary tract infections)
   • Lespeedeza is a halved (to maintain the function of the kidneys)
   • Vitamin D (with deficiency)

C. Edema for liver diseases:

1. Diet:

   • Sodium restriction
   • Sufficient protein consumption (especially with ascites)
   • Avoid alcohol
   • Easy food

2. Bad:

   • Pilopsha (Silimarin) to maintain liver function
   • Artichoke (to improve the outflow of bile)
   • B vitamins (to maintain metabolism)

D. Lymphedra:

1. Diet:

   • Low sodium diet
   • Sufficient protein consumption
   • Diet rich in antioxidants

2. Bad:

   • Rutin (to strengthen blood vessels)
   • Selenium (antioxidant)
   • Vitamin C (antioxidant)

E. venous failure:

1. Diet:

   • Low sodium diet
   • Diet rich in fiber

2. Bad:

   • Routine
   • Diosmin and Gesperidin
   • Horse chestnut extract
   • Extract of grape seeds

VI. Conclusion: Integrative approach to edema management

Edema management requires a comprehensive, personalized approach, which takes into account the cause, severity and related diseases. Diet and dietary supplements play an important role in this process, but they should be used in combination with other treatment methods and under the supervision of a doctor. The key aspects of successful edema management are:

• Accurate diagnosis of edema causes
• Development of an individual treatment plan
• Compliance with dietary recommendations
• Rational use of dietary supplements (as prescribed by a doctor)
• Regular monitoring of the condition
• Active interaction with a doctor

With the right approach, you can effectively control swelling, improve the quality of life and prevent the development of complications.