Bad Security: What to Pay attention to

Bad Security: What to Pay attention to

I. Determination and classification of dietary supplements (food additives)

1. What is dietary supplement? Biologically active additives (dietary supplements) are concentrates of natural or identical to natural biologically active substances, designed for direct intake or introduction into food products in order to enrich the ration with individual food or biologically active substances and their complexes. They are not drugs and are not intended for the treatment, diagnosis or prevention of diseases.

2. Classification of dietary supplements in composition:

   • Vitamins and vitamin -like substances: Contain separate vitamins (A, C, D, E, Group B, etc.) or their complexes. Examples: multivitamin complexes, additives with vitamin D3, ascorbic acid.
   • Minerals: They contain macro- and trace elements (calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, selenium, etc.) in various forms. Examples: Addresses with calcium, magnesium citrate, iron preparations.
   • Amino acids and peptides: Contain separate amino acids (glutamine, BCAA, tripophanes) or their complexes, as well as peptides. Examples: additives with creatin, glutamine, collagen.
   • Plant extracts and herbs: Contain extracts of plants, herbs, roots and other plant components. Examples: Echinacea extract, St. John’s wort, ginkgo bilobe.
   • Probiotics and prebiotics: Contain living microorganisms (probiotics) or substances that stimulate their growth (prebiotics). Examples: additives with lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, and ilin.
   • Fatty acids: Contain polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3, omega-6, omega-9). Examples: fish oil, linseed oil.
   • Enzymes: Contain digestive enzymes (amylase, protease, lipase). Examples: additives with enzymes to improve digestion.
   • Other dietary supplements: Includes substances that are not related to the above categories, such as coenzyme Q10, chondroitin, glucosamine.

3. Bad output forms: Bad are produced in various forms:

   • Tablets: A solid dosed form intended for swallowing.
   • Capsules: A solid gelatin membrane containing an active substance in powder or liquid form.
   • Powders: Dry form intended for dissolution in water or other liquid.
   • Liquids (solutions, syrups, drops): A liquid form intended for oral administration.
   • They want: A soft form containing an active substance in a gel -like mass.
   • Bars: A solid form intended for consumption as a snack.

II. Bad regulation in Russia and the world

1. Legislative framework in the Russian Federation: Relations in the field of production and turnover of dietary supplements in Russia are regulated by the Federal Law of 02.01.2000 N 29-ФЗ “On the quality and safety of food products”, the technical regulations of the Customs Union TR TS 021/2011 “On the safety of food products”, the technical regulation of the Customs Union TR TS 022/2011 “Food products in terms of their marks”, as well as other regulatory legal legal legal legal products acts.

2. State registration of dietary supplements: Before entering the sale, dietary supplements are subject to state registration in Rospotrebnadzor. In the process of registration, safety and conformity of products are assessed with the established requirements. The certificate of state registration (SGR) confirms that the dietary supplement complies with security requirements and may be allowed to turn on the territory of the Russian Federation and other member countries of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU).

3. Bad Requirements for Marking: The marking of dietary supplements must comply with the requirements of the technical regulations of the Customs Union TR TS 022/2011. It should contain the following information:

   • Name of dietary supplements.
   • The composition of the product (indicating all the ingredients in decreasing their mass fraction).
   • Net mass or volume.
   • Shelf life (production date and shelf life).
   • Storage conditions.
   • The name and location of the manufacturer (manufacturer) or importer (supplier).
   • Recommendations for use.
   • Contraindications for use.
   • Warning (for example, “is not a drug”, “before use, it is recommended to consult a doctor”).
   • Information about state registration.
   • Food value (if applicable).

4. Quality and safety control of dietary supplement: Rospotrebnadzor exercises state control (supervision) of compliance with the requirements of legislation in the field of ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population and protecting consumers in the production and turnover of dietary supplements. Control includes scheduled and unscheduled inspections, selection of products for laboratory research, as well as consideration of consumer complaints.

5. Adjustment of dietary supplements in other countries (USA, Europe):

   • USA: In the United States, BAD is regulated by the sanitary supervision of the quality of food and medication (FDA) in accordance with the Law on Food Addles, Health and Education (Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) of 1994. Unlike drugs, dietary supplements do not require preliminary approval of the FDA before entering sale. However, manufacturers are required to guarantee the safety of their products and compliance with the requirements for labeling. FDA can take measures against dietary supplements if they pose a danger to consumer health or violate the requirements of the law.
   • Europe: In the European Union, the regulation of dietary supplements is carried out at the level of individual member states. In general, the requirements for safety and marking of dietary supplements in Europe are quite strict. The European EFSA Safety Agency (EFSA) assesses the safety of individual ingredients used in dietary supplements.

III. Factors affecting the safety of dietary supplements

1. Quality of raw materials: The quality of raw materials is one of the most important factors that determine the safety and effectiveness of dietary supplements. Contaminated raw materials may contain heavy metals, pesticides, microorganisms and other harmful substances. It is important that the manufacturer uses raw materials from trusted suppliers, which has undergone quality control.

2. Production process: The production process must comply with the requirements of proper production practice (GMP). GMP is a system of norms, rules and instructions regarding the production of medicines, dietary supplements and other products that provide their high quality. Compliance with GMP requirements allows you to prevent products pollution, to ensure its homogeneity and stability.

3. The composition of dietary supplements: The composition of dietary supplements should be clearly and accurately indicated on the label. The consumer should be able to familiarize himself with all the ingredients that are part of the product and their number. It is important to consider possible interactions between dietary supplements and other drugs or food products.

4. Dosage: The dosage of dietary supplements must comply with the recommendations of the manufacturer and do not exceed safe levels of consumption. An overdose of individual vitamins and minerals can lead to adverse health consequences. It is especially important to be careful when using dietary supplements containing potent vegetable components.

5. Storage conditions: Dad storage conditions must comply with the recommendations of the manufacturer. Incorrect storage (for example, at high temperature or humidity) can lead to a deterioration in product quality and a decrease in its effectiveness.

6. Interaction with drugs: Bad can interact with drugs by changing their effectiveness or increasing the risk of side effects. For example, St. John’s wort can reduce the effectiveness of some antidepressants and contraceptives. Vitamin K can reduce the effectiveness of anticoagulants (drugs that thin blood). Therefore, before using dietary supplements, you need to consult a doctor, especially if you take any drugs.

7. Individual intolerance and allergic reactions: Some people may have individual intolerance or allergic reactions to individual dietary supplements. Allergic reactions can appear in the form of a skin rash, itching, edema, shortness of breathing and other symptoms. If any undesirable reactions appear after taking dietary supplements, it is necessary to stop their use and consult a doctor.

IV. Risks associated with the use of dietary supplements

1. Lack of proven effectiveness: Unlike drugs, dietary supplements do not require clinical studies confirming their effectiveness. Many dietary supplements are advertised as means for improving health, increasing energy, strengthening immunity, etc., but their effectiveness is not always scientifically proven.

2. The content of prohibited substances: Some dietary supplements may contain prohibited substances, such as hormones, stimulants and other doping agents. The use of such dietary supplements can lead to serious health problems and disqualification for athletes.

3. The inconsistency of the composition of the declared: Studies show that the composition of some dietary supplements may not correspond to the stated on the label. In particular, some dietary supplements may contain less active substance than indicated, or contain other ingredients that are not indicated in the composition.

4. Heavy metals pollution: Some dietary supplements, especially plant origin, can be polluted by heavy metals (lead, cadmium, mercury, etc.). Long -term use of such dietary supplements can lead to the accumulation of heavy metals in the body and the development of various diseases.

5. The risk of an overdose: The uncontrolled use of dietary supplements, especially vitamins and minerals, can lead to an overdose and development of adverse side effects. For example, an overdose of vitamin A can cause nausea, vomiting, headache and other symptoms. An overdose of iron can lead to damage to the liver and other organs.

6. Misleading consumers: Aggressive advertising and inaccurate information about dietary supplements can mislead consumers regarding their properties and effectiveness. Consumers may believe that dietary supplements are a safe and effective alternative to drugs, which can lead to a refusal of the necessary treatment.

V. How to choose and use dietary supplements correctly

1. Consultation with a doctor: Before starting dietary supplements, you need to consult a doctor. The doctor will be able to evaluate your health status, determine which dietary supplement you really need, and choose the optimal dosage. It is especially important to consult a doctor, if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, suffer from chronic diseases or take any drugs.

2. The choice of a reliable manufacturer: When choosing dietary supplements, preference should be given the products of well -known and trusted manufacturers who have a good reputation and comply with GMP requirements. Pay attention to the availability of quality certificates and certificate of state registration.

3. Studying composition and marking: Carefully study the composition of dietary supplements and markings. Make sure that the composition indicates all the ingredients and their number. Pay attention to the availability of contraindications and warnings.

4. Compliance with recommendations for use: Strictly follow the recommendations for the use indicated on the label. Do not exceed the recommended dosage.

5. Assessment of an individual reaction: After the start of taking dietary supplements, carefully monitor your health state. If any unwanted reactions appear, stop using them and consult a doctor.

6. Do not replace medicines with dietary supplements: Bad are not drugs and are not intended for the treatment of diseases. Do not replace the medicines prescribed by the doctor.

7. Beware of fakes: Buy dietary supplements only in pharmacies or other licensed points of sales. Beware of fakes that can be dangerous to health.

VI. Bad security assessment criteria

1. The presence of a certificate of state registration (SGR): The SGR confirms that the dietary supplement has passed state registration and meets the safety requirements.

2. Manufacturer with a good reputation: Famous manufacturers who comply with GMP requirements, as a rule, produce better and safely products.

3. Detailed composition and marking: Complete and reliable information about the composition, dosage, contraindications and warnings allows the consumer to make a conscious choice.

4. Lack of prohibited substances: Make sure that there are no prohibited substances, such as hormones and stimulants in the dietary supplement.

5. Availability of quality certificates: The presence of quality certificates such as ISO confirms the compliance of products with the established standards.

6. Positive consumer reviews: Reviews of other consumers can give an idea of ​​the safety and efficiency of dietary supplements. However, it should be borne in mind that reviews can be subjective and do not always reflect the real picture.

VII. Special groups of the population and the use of dietary supplements

1. Pregnant and lactating women: The use of dietary supplements during pregnancy and breastfeeding requires special caution and mandatory consultation with a doctor. Some dietary supplements may be contraindicated in this period.

2. Children and adolescents: The use of dietary supplements in children and adolescents should be carried out only as prescribed by a doctor and under his control. The uncontrolled use of dietary supplements can adversely affect the health and development of the child.

3. Elderly people: Older people are more sensitive to dietary supplies and drugs. The use of dietary supplements in old age requires special caution and accounting for possible interactions with other drugs.

4. People with chronic diseases: People with chronic diseases (diabetes mellitus, heart, kidney, liver, etc.) should be consulted with a doctor before using dietary supplements. Some dietary supplements can be contraindicated in certain diseases.

VIII. Myths and misconceptions about dietary supplements

1. Myth: Bad is natural and safe products. Fact: Not all dietary supplements are completely natural. Some dietary supplements may contain synthetic ingredients. In addition, even natural ingredients can be unsafe if you use it incorrectly.

2. Myth: BAD have no side effects. Fact: BAD can cause side effects, especially with an overdose or when interacting with other drugs.

3. Myth: BAD can cure any disease. Fact: Bad are not drugs and are not intended for the treatment of diseases. They can only be used as an addition to the main treatment prescribed by a doctor.

4. Myth: The more, the better. Fact: the use of dietary supplements in large quantities does not always lead to improvement of health. An overdose of individual vitamins and minerals can be dangerous to health.

5. Myth: All dietary supplements are equally effective. Fact: The effectiveness of dietary supplements can vary depending on the quality of raw materials, production process and individual characteristics of the body.

IX. The latest trends in the field of safety of Bad

1. Tight toughening quality and safety control: In recent years, there has been a tendency to tighten control over the quality and safety of dietary supplements by regulatory authorities.

2. Development of scientific research in the field of dietary supplements: Scientific studies are conducted aimed at studying the efficiency and safety of individual ingredients used in dietary supplements.

3. Increasing consumer awareness: Consumers become more informed about the risks associated with the use of dietary supplements, and are more consciously approached by their choice.

4. The development of a personalized approach to the use of dietary supplements: Personalized approaches to the use of dietary supplements are developed, based on the individual characteristics of the body and needs in nutrients.

5. Using new technologies in the production of dietary supplements: In the production of dietary supplements, new technologies are used to improve the quality and safety of products.

X. Conclusion

Bad safety is a complex and multifaceted issue that requires an attentive and responsible approach. Before you start taking dietary supplements, you need to consult a doctor, choose a reliable manufacturer, study the composition and labeling, follow recommendations for use and evaluate an individual reaction. Remember that dietary supplements are not drugs and cannot replace full nutrition and a healthy lifestyle.